Insulin is a critical hormone produced by the pancreas, specifically in specialized cells known as the islets of Langerhans. Within these clusters, beta cells are responsible for secreting insulin into the bloodstream in response to rising glucose levels, typically after eating.

Insulin plays a key role in allowing cells throughout the body to absorb glucose, which is then used for energy or stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles for future use. Without sufficient insulin production, or if the body becomes resistant to it, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, leading to high blood sugar levels. This can result in diabetes, a condition that requires careful management of insulin through medication, diet, and lifestyle changes to prevent complications like cardiovascular disease, nerve damage, and kidney problems. Understanding the pancreas' function in insulin production is crucial for managing blood sugar and overall metabolic health.