This process is integral to the rock cycle, contributing to the formation of Earth's crust…

Igneous rock forms from the cooling and solidification of lava or magma, distinguishing it from other rock types like sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. When magma cools and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface, it creates intrusive igneous rocks, such as granite. Alternatively, when lava erupts from a volcano and cools on the Earth's surface, it forms extrusive igneous rocks, like basalt. This process is integral to the rock cycle, contributing to the formation of Earth's crust and providing insights into the geological history and composition of our planet. Igneous rocks are characterized by their crystalline texture and are often rich in minerals such as quartz, feldspar, and mica.